上海交大方景源团队:具核梭杆菌是如何诱发大肠癌的？在肠癌的诊断和治疗中有哪些应用价值？

基于具核梭杆菌在结直肠癌发生发展中的重要作用，具核梭杆菌被认为是结直肠癌的治疗靶点之一。甲硝唑能清除异种移植CRC小鼠体内的具核梭杆菌，有效缩小肿瘤体积。非甾体抗炎药阿司匹林也能消除具核梭杆菌，其对结直肠癌的预防作用可能部分通过此介导。

既然抗生素有了，那么比抗生素更能针对单一细菌的噬菌体也可能有了。研究表明，携带伊立替康纳米颗粒的噬菌体可以靶向并定植于梭杆菌属的肿瘤，并调节肿瘤的生长[33]。

发现衍生自FadA和E-钙粘蛋白结合位点的11-aa抑制肽能够防止具核梭杆菌在肿瘤中定居并与CRC细胞结合[7]。类似的药物还包括抗FadA单克隆抗体，但是否能降低CRC的发病率还是未知数。这种基于细菌毒力因子的治疗需要更多的临床证据。

此外，粪便细菌移植，以及饮食、益生菌、益生元和后生动物等可以调节肠道微生物组成的方法，理论上具有辅助治疗CRC的潜力，但还需要更多更大规模的研究来验证。

靶向具核梭杆菌的潜在治疗方法

具核梭杆菌是一种与癌症相关的肠道微生物，目前已被广泛研究，无论是致病机制还是作为生物标志物和治疗靶点的潜力。

但是，我们也应该认识到，肠道微生物之间存在复杂的相互作用，可能会干扰具核梭杆菌与结直肠癌的关系。同时，考虑到肿瘤的特异性和患者的个体差异，具核梭杆菌靶向治疗的效果还有很多未知数。就像单纯对肿瘤和肠道微生物学的研究一样，在这个交叉领域，我们还有很长的路要走。

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